How to Fix a Washer That Won’t Drain?

A washer that won’t drain is a common yet frustrating issue that many homeowners face. The problem can be due to various factors, from simple blockages to more complex mechanical failures. Fortunately, with some basic tools and a bit of know-how, you can often resolve the issue yourself without needing to call in a professional. This guide will walk you through the potential causes and provide detailed instructions on how to fix a washer that won’t drain.

Understanding the Drainage System of a Washer

Before diving into the troubleshooting steps, it’s essential to understand how a washer’s drainage system works. A washing machine drains water through a pump that forces the water out of the drum and into the drain hose, which then leads to your home's plumbing. If any part of this system becomes blocked or malfunctions, the washer will not drain properly.

Common Causes of a Washer Not Draining

1. Clogged Drain Hose: The most common cause of drainage problems is a clog in the drain hose. Items like lint, small clothing items, or debris can block the hose, preventing water from flowing out.
2. Blocked Pump Filter: Most washers have a filter to catch debris before it reaches the pump. Over time, this filter can become clogged, restricting water flow.
3. Faulty Drain Pump: The drain pump itself may malfunction due to wear and tear or a blockage within the pump.
4. Broken Lid Switch: On top-loading washers, a lid switch ensures that the washer only spins and drains when the lid is closed. If this switch is faulty, the washer may not drain.
5. Belt Issues (Belt-Driven Models): If your washer uses a belt to drive the pump, a broken or loose belt could be the culprit.
6. Kinked or Blocked Drain Hose: Sometimes, the hose is simply kinked, restricting water flow, or there could be a blockage in the plumbing where the hose drains.
7. Malfunctioning Water Level Control: If the water level control is faulty, the washer might not understand when it’s time to drain.

Guide to Fixing a Washer That Won’t Drain

1. Check for Clogs in the Drain Hose

Tools Needed: Pliers, Bucket, Towels

Step 1: Start by unplugging your washer from the power source to avoid any electrical hazards.

Step 2: Locate the drain hose at the back of the washer. This hose usually connects to your home’s plumbing.

Step 3: Using pliers, carefully disconnect the drain hose from the washer. Be prepared for any water that may spill out by having a bucket and towels ready.

Step 4: Inspect the hose for any visible clogs. You can try running water through the hose to see if it flows freely. If there’s a blockage, use a long, flexible brush or a plumbing snake to clear it.

Step 5: Reattach the hose and plug the washer back in. Run a short cycle to see if the problem is resolved.

2. Inspect and Clean the Pump Filter

Tools Needed: Screwdriver, Towels, Bucket

Step 1: Unplug the washer and locate the pump filter. This is usually found at the front of the machine, behind a small access panel.

Step 2: Open the access panel using a screwdriver if necessary. Be cautious as water may spill out when you remove the filter.

Step 3: Pull out the filter and check for debris like lint, coins, or small clothing items. Clean the filter thoroughly under running water.

Step 4: Reinsert the filter, secure the access panel, and test the washer.

3. Test the Drain Pump

Tools Needed: Multimeter, Screwdriver

Step 1: Unplug the washer and locate the drain pump, typically found at the bottom of the machine.

Step 2: Remove the front panel of the washer using a screwdriver to access the pump.

Step 3: Inspect the pump for any visible blockages. You can also remove the hoses connected to the pump to check for clogs.

Step 4: If there are no visible issues, use a multimeter to test the pump’s electrical continuity. Set the multimeter to the lowest ohm setting and touch the probes to the pump terminals. If the reading is zero or infinite, the pump may be faulty and require replacement.

Step 5: If the pump is faulty, replace it with a new one. If it’s simply clogged, clean it out and reassemble the machine.

4. Examine the Lid Switch (Top-Loading Washers Only)

Tools Needed: Screwdriver, Multimeter

Step 1: Unplug the washer and locate the lid switch, usually near the door frame of top-loading machines.

Step 2: Use a screwdriver to remove the top panel if necessary, exposing the switch.

Step 3: Test the switch with a multimeter. Set the multimeter to the continuity setting and touch the probes to the switch terminals. If there’s no continuity when the lid is closed, the switch is faulty.

Step 4: Replace the faulty lid switch with a new one and reassemble the washer.

5. Check the Drive Belt (Belt-Driven Models Only)

Tools Needed: Screwdriver, Wrench

Step 1: Unplug the washer and remove the back panel using a screwdriver to access the drive belt.

Step 2: Inspect the belt for any signs of wear, fraying, or breakage.

Step 3: If the belt is damaged, loosen the bolts holding the motor in place using a wrench, then remove the old belt.

Step 4: Install a new belt, tighten the bolts, and reassemble the washer.

6. Ensure the Drain Hose Isn’t Kinked

Step 1: Check the drain hose for any kinks or twists that might restrict water flow.

Step 2: Straighten the hose and ensure it’s positioned correctly. The hose should have a smooth, unobstructed path to the drain.

7. Verify the Water Level Control

Tools Needed: Multimeter, Screwdriver

Step 1: Unplug the washer and locate the water level control switch, usually found behind the control panel.

Step 2: Use a screwdriver to remove the control panel and access the switch.

Step 3: Test the switch with a multimeter. If it’s not functioning correctly, replace it with a new one.

Preventative Measures

Once you’ve successfully fixed the drainage issue, it’s a good idea to take some preventative steps to avoid future problems:

1. Regularly Clean the Pump Filter: Make it a habit to clean the pump filter every few months to prevent blockages.
2. Inspect the Drain Hose: Periodically check the drain hose for clogs or kinks.
3. Avoid Overloading the Washer: Overloading can cause items to get trapped in the drainage system, leading to clogs.
4. Use the Right Detergent: Using too much detergent or the wrong type can cause soap buildup, which can clog the drainage system.
5. Empty Pockets Before Washing: Small items left in pockets can easily cause clogs in the pump or drain hose.

When to Call a Professional

If you’ve tried all the above steps and your washer still won’t drain, it may be time to call a professional. Issues like a malfunctioning control board or severe internal blockages may require specialized tools and expertise.

Final Thoughts

A washer that won’t drain can be a frustrating problem, but with the right tools and knowledge, it’s often something you can fix yourself. By following this step-by-step guide, you can identify the cause of the issue and take the appropriate action to get your washer back in working order. Regular maintenance and being mindful of what goes into your washer can help prevent future drainage problems, ensuring that your appliance continues to serve you well for years to come.